Bussum is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland.ussum was first mentioned in records back in 1306. Old maps show an immense heathland, with a scattering of smallholdings, sheep pens and woodland scenery. Bussum, situated at a very short distance from the fortified town of Naarden, was placed under the latter's rule by its citizenry in 1369. After centuries of oppression, four hundred Bussum citizens managed to break free from the town, and Bussum achieved its independence in 1817.
Those days the citizens of Bussum lived in penury, and the community "enjoyed" an annual growth of a mere ten to fourteen. The advent of a railway-connection in 1874 instantly made cities like Amsterdam much more accessible and at last a promising future seemed to be in store for Bussum. Well-to-do Amsterdam families with considerable incomes discovered the tranquillity and space within the municipal borders and had themselves homes built on the purple plains. Bussum expanded into a typical commuter village.
Many things changed during the years of independence, and in the twentieth century the one-time heathland village boasted a population of over 31,000. This inevitably led to the need of adjusting the service levels. The want of extra public housing; accommodation for companies and shops; traffic and transport; sports and recreation all had to be catered for within a somewhat limited area.
Cultural Aspects
Bussum has a very rich cultural heritage: it is a writers' village (Nescio came walking in from Amsterdam), a musical village (clubs which have been in existence for over a hundred years), an architectural village (houses by De Bazel, Berlage and a church by Cuypers), a theatrical village, a television village ( the home-town of Dutch television).
It also has a rich cultural present: a monumental village (the villa estate is an urban conservation area with fine examples of the Amsterdam School), a drama village (many drama clubs and a theatre with regional relevance), a musical village, a statue village (many pieces of art in a public area), an artists' village, a film village, etc.
One of the best known locations in Bussum is Spant!, ranged among the Dutch top 10 locations for hall hire and conference centres. In addition to this, Spant! also functions as a theatre, which means many different types of performances can take place here. Bussum is also home to many music clubs, each aimed at specific types of music, from drum and show band to oratoria clubs; a number of drama clubs for both young and old; a cinema, a theatre and two libraries.
The old village is quite recognisable: street patterns and buildings date back to the late nineteenth century. The streets are relatively narrow and the historic buildings are both varied and small. The garden town concept from the early 20th century is visible throughout the centre. However, every part from that period has its own scale - usually dependent on the social class it was meant for at the time (from rather modest to grand) - and of ever-changing character.
Buildings from the 1900's within a free land division area have quite different features than those from the1930's set in a tight urban development area.
South Bussum was built in the post-war era. Two separate quarters, each following the garden-village theme, but in their own language - the language of redevelopment. These districts have a fair amount of high-rise building, ranging from tenement to deck access flat. An important aspect of how the two districts in turn meet the Bussum heathland is accentuated by a few modest blocks of flats in the forefront: this is where greenery and built-up area seem to merge.
Bussum has not expanded any further since 1965, but many buildings were either given a new lease of life, or replaced with new ones.
